Semaglutide
Bracchiglione J, Meza N, Franco JVA, et al. Semaglutide for adults living with obesity. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2025;10:CD015092. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD015092.pub2. (revisión sistemática que incluyó 18 ensayos clínicos que compararon semaglutide con placebo, intervenciones en el estilo de vida u otras drogas en pacientes con obesidad, publicados hasta diciembre de 2024; incluye todos los estudios STEP y SELECT, entre otros)
Sanyal AJ, Newsome PN, Kliers I, Østergaard LH, Long MT, Kjær MS, et al. Phase 3 trial of semaglutide in metabolic dysfunction–associated steatohepatitis. N Engl J Med. 2025;392(21):2089-2099. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa2413258.
Tirzepatide
Franco JVA, Guo Y, Varela LB, Aqra Z, Alhalahla M, Medina Rodriguez M, Salvador Oscco EL, Patiño Araujo B, Banda S, Escobar Liquitay CM, Bracchiglione J, Meza N, Madrid E. Tirzepatide for adults living with obesity. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2025, Issue 10. Art. No.: CD016018. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD016018. Accessed 03 March 2026. (revisión sistemática que incluyó 9 ensayos clínicos que compararon tirzepatide con placebo, intervenciones en el estilo de vida u otras drogas en pacientes con obesidad, publicados hasta diciembre de 2024; incluye todos los estudios SURMOUNT y SUMMIT, entre otros)
Loomba R, Hartman ML, Lawitz EJ, Vuppalanchi R, Boursier J, Bugianesi E, Yoneda M, Behling C, Cummings OW, Tang Y, Brouwers B, Robins DA, Nikooie A, Bunck MC, Haupt A, Sanyal AJ; SYNERGY-NASH Investigators. Tirzepatide for Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatohepatitis with Liver Fibrosis. N Engl J Med. 2024 Jul 25;391(4):299-310. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa2401943. Epub 2024 Jun 8. PMID: 38856224.
Liraglutide
Meza N, Bracchiglione J, Escobar Liquitay CM, Madrid E, Varela LB, Guo Y, Urrútia G, Er S, Tiller S, Shokraee K, Alvarez Busco F, Solà I, Ocara Vargas M, Novik A V, Poloni D, Franco JVA. Liraglutide for adults living with obesity. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2025, Issue 10. Art. No.: CD016017. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD016017. Accessed 10 March 2026. (revisión sistemática que incluyó 24 ensayos clínicos que compararon liraglutide con placebo, intervenciones en el estilo de vida u otras drogas en pacientes con obesidad, publicados hasta diciembre de 2024; incluye todos los estudios SCALE, entre otros)
Discontinuación
West S, Scragg J, Aveyard P, Oke J L, Willis L, Haffner S J P et al. Weight regain after cessation of medication for weight management: systematic review and meta-analysis BMJ 2026; 392 :e085304 doi:10.1136/bmj-2025-085304
Naltrexona/bupropión
Apovian CM, Aronne LJ, Rubino D, Still C, Wyatt H, Burns C, Kim D, Dunayevich E; COR-II Study Group. A randomized, phase 3 trial of naltrexone SR/bupropion SR on weight and obesity-related risk factors (COR-II). Obesity (Silver Spring). 2013;21(5):935-943. doi:10.1002/oby.20309
Nissen SE, Wolski KE, Wadden TA, et al. Effect of Naltrexone-Bupropion on Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events in Overweight and Obese Patients With Cardiovascular Risk Factors: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA. 2016;315(10):990-1004. doi:10.1001/jama.2016.1558.
Greenway FL, Dunayevich E, Tollefson G, Erickson J, Guttadauria M, Fujioka K, et al. Concurrent improvement in both binge eating and depressive symptoms with naltrexone/bupropion therapy in overweight or obese subjects with major depressive disorder in an open-label, uncontrolled study. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2017;25(11):1874-1880. doi:10.1002/oby.21956.
Greenway FL, Fujioka K, Plodkowski RA, Mudaliar S, Guttadauria M, Erickson J, Kim DD, Dunayevich E; COR-I Study Group. Effect of naltrexone plus bupropion on weight loss in overweight and obese adults (COR-I): a multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial. Lancet. 2010;376(9741):595-605. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60888-4.
Gastroplastia endoscópica
Abu Dayyeh BK, Bazerbachi F, Vargas EJ, Acosta A, Camilleri M, Mundi MS, et al. Endoscopic sleeve gastroplasty for treatment of class 1 and 2 obesity (MERIT): a prospective, multicentre, randomised trial. Lancet . 2022;400(10350):441–51.
Alqahtani AR, Elahmedi M, Aldarwish A, Alqahtani YA, Al-Darwish A. Endoscopic gastroplasty versus laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy: a noninferiority propensity score–matched study. Gastrointest Endosc . 2022;96(1):44–50.
Maselli DB, Hoff AC, Kucera A, Weaver E, Sebring L, Gooch L, Walton K, Lee D, Cratty T, Beal S, Nanduri S, Rease K, Gainey CS, Eaton L, Coan B, McGowan CE. Endoscopic sleeve gastroplasty in class III obesity: Efficacy, safety, and durability outcomes in 404 consecutive patients. World J Gastrointest Endosc. 2023 Jun 16;15(6):469-479. doi: 10.4253/wjge.v15.i6.469. PMID: 37397974; PMCID: PMC10308273.
By pass gástrico y gastrectomía en manga
Sjöström L, Narbro K, Sjöström CD, Karason K, Larsson B, Wedel H, et al. Effects of bariatric surgery on mortality in Swedish obese subjects. N Engl J Med . 2007;357(8):741–52.
Adams TD, Gress RE, Smith SC, Halverson RC, Simper SC, Rosamond WD, et al. Long-term mortality after gastric bypass surgery. N Engl J Med. 2007;357(8):753–61.
Sjöström L. Review of the key results from the Swedish Obese Subjects (SOS) trial—a prospective controlled intervention study of bariatric surgery. J Intern Med . 2013;273(3):219–34.
Schauer PR, Bhatt DL, Kirwan JP, Wolski K, Aminian A, Brethauer SA, et al. Bariatric surgery versus intensive medical therapy for diabetes—5-year outcomes. N Engl J Med . 2017;376(7):641–51.
Mingrone G, Panunzi S, De Gaetano A, Guidone C, Iaconelli A, Leccesi L, et al. Bariatric surgery versus conventional medical therapy for type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med . 2012;366(17):1577–85.
Mingrone G, Panunzi S, De Gaetano A, Guidone C, Iaconelli A, Nanni G, et al. Bariatric–metabolic surgery versus conventional medical treatment in obese patients with type 2 diabetes: 5-year follow-up. Lancet . 2015;386(9997):964–73.
Courcoulas AP, Christian NJ, Belle SH, Berk PD, Flum DR, Garcia L, et al. Weight change and health outcomes at 3 years after bariatric surgery among individuals with severe obesity. JAMA . 2013;310(22):2416–25.
Courcoulas AP, King WC, Belle SH, Berk P, Flum DR, Garcia L, et al. em>Seven-year weight trajectories and health outcomes in the Longitudinal Assessment of Bariatric Surgery (LABS) study. JAMA Surg . 2018;153(5):427–34.
Sjöström L, Peltonen M, Jacobson P, Sjöström CD, Karason K, Wedel H, et al. Bariatric surgery and long-term cardiovascular events. AMA . 2012;307(1):56–65.
Aminian A, Zajichek A, Arterburn DE, Wolski KE, Brethauer SA, Schauer PR, et al. Association of metabolic surgery with major adverse cardiovascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes and obesity. JAMA . 2019;322(13):1271–82.
Fisher DP, Johnson E, Haneuse S, Arterburn DE, Coleman KJ, O’Connor PJ, et al. Association between bariatric surgery and macrovascular disease outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes and severe obesity. JAMA . 2018;320(15):1570–82.
Kolotkin RL, Davidson LE, Crosby RD, Hunt SC, Adams TD. Six-year changes in health-related quality of life in gastric bypass patients versus obese controls. Surg Obes Relat Dis . 2012;8(5):625–33.
Flum DR, Belle SH, King WC, Wahed AS, Berk P, Chapman W, et al. Perioperative safety in the longitudinal assessment of bariatric surgery. N Engl J Med . 2009;361(5):445–54.
Gloy VL, Briel M, Bhatt DL, Kashyap SR, Schauer PR, Mingrone G, et al. Bariatric surgery versus non-surgical treatment for obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. BMJ . 2013;347:f5934.
Arterburn DE, Telem DA, Kushner RF, Courcoulas AP. Benefits and risks of bariatric surgery in adults: a review. JAMA . 2020;324(9):879–87.
Chang SH, Stoll CR, Song J, Varela JE, Eagon CJ, Colditz GA. The effectiveness and risks of bariatric surgery: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis, 2003–2012. JAMA Surg . 2014;149(3):275–87.
Maggard-Gibbons M, Maglione M, Livhits M, Ewing B, Maher AR, Hu J, et al. Bariatric surgery for weight loss and glycemic control in nonmorbidly obese adults with diabetes: a systematic review. JAMA . 2013;309(21):2250–61.
Arterburn DE, Courcoulas AP. Bariatric surgery for obesity and metabolic conditions in adults. BMJ . 2014;349:g3961.
O’Brien PE, Hindle A, Brennan L, Skinner S, Burton P, Smith A, et al. Long-term outcomes after bariatric surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis of weight loss at 10 or more years. Obes Surg . 2019;29(1):3–14.
Castagneto-Gissey L, Casella G, Mingrone G. Weight loss and diabetes remission after bariatric surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Diabetes Care . 2020;43(10):e145–6.
Syn NL, Cummings DE, Wang LZ, Lin DJ, Zhao JJ, Loh M, et al. Association of metabolic–bariatric surgery with long-term survival and cardiovascular outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA Netw Open . 2021;4(9):e2130741.
